Which item is not part of the listed steps for landfill creation?

• A. Liner
• B. Waste layers
• C. Incineration
• D. Cap and monitor

Answer: (C)

Landfill creation focuses on containment and long-term environmental protection. A liner sits at the bottom to keep leachate from reaching the soil and groundwater, waste layers are built up in an orderly, compacted stack to manage volume and settlement, and a cap with monitoring systems is put in place at closure to prevent infiltration and to track environmental performance. Incineration, by contrast, is a separate waste treatment method that burns waste to reduce volume and often recover energy; it happens before or outside of the landfill construction process. So it isn’t a structural or operational step in creating a landfill, which is why it isn’t part of the listed steps.